Pulse is just the switching of 2 values (peak and background) currents, so it will effect the weld pool (heating and cooling Effect) in the same way as on DC. However it is generally used more on DC, more so on Stainless Steel than any other material. Perhaps because it is not easy to weld Aluminium succesfully without filler wire, where as with Stainless Steel especially on thinner material, it is quite common to put Pulse on and run down a seam (Autogenously) particulary thin section outside corners and butt welds
Helps narrow the arc cone on machines that lack frequency adjustment... not that there are many inverters with fixed frequency - Hitachi owners I'm looking at you...
I dislike it on ac and there are no real benefits using pulse on materials that are so conducting of heat.
Aluminium soaks up heat so quickly then hangs on to it for a long time. The whole part becomes evenly heat soaked and problems like distortion ain’t usually a big deal. Most of the time it’s very effortless to pull back with manual method.
Stainless is the opposite. It doesn’t dissipate heat it keeps it very locally and shrinkage is very local to the weld.
Heat input reduction is key to avoid distortion. One good method is pulse. So. It’s useful on some dc applications I don’t think it’s very useful on ac at all. Or at least I’ve never seen a benefit