if its definately steel but you don't know what flavour you can use a grinder and do a spark test. Light orange sparks are mild, the darker the sparks get the harder it is. You can also puddle a bit and then file it. If its soft before and hard after its got a lot of carbon in it. If it cracks there will be issues etc.
With 309 rods you can weld steel to steel or steel to stainless. Good all round rods for steel welding are ER70s2 though, and a lot cheaper if you are just welding mild steel.