Depends upon the plastic - super glue won't always stick to certain types of plastic.
In 3d printing, one usually heats the brass insert with a soldering iron as it is pushed into the plastic, creating a physical "lock', rather than using an adhesive.
Is it possible to abrade the outside of the brass sleeve to provide a "key" and use this method?
Thing is, unless you are repairing something where it needs to match, it's probably easier, cheaper, stronger just to buy a new knob from somewhere like WDS, Wixroyd etc.