The RCD issue is irrelevant as the installation if for use and under control of a NORMAL i.e. not electrical competent person so needs to be RCD protected irrelevant of the installation methods mentioned above
Fair play the workshop will need to be protected, just checked the regs, I thought it was socket outlets above 13A that didn't have to be protected but just read it's 20A so the 16As would need RCD protection.
Surely the circuit from the CU 40A is classed as a distribution circuit and thus if the cable meets the correct installation methods for not needing an RCD then it wouldn't need one.