A search for emblem adhesive or car badge tape should throw up both rolls or strips of the kind of thing you want. Any strong double sided tape or foam tape will do it but will likely be thicker. Tiger Seal type adhesive is ok if you are sure you won't ever want to remove it, say for a respray.
I would never use a PU adhesive for that job. I use a 3M (other brands are available) type double sided foam tape. Stick to back of badge then carefully trim around edge with craft knife then place on bodywork. I did this for my Escort badge. 9 years and still there.